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Maureen Patricia Duffy (born 21 October 1933) is a contemporary British novelist, poet, playwright, nonfiction author and activist. Duffy's work often uses Freudian ideas and Greek mythology as frameworks. Her writing is distinctive for its use of contrasting voices, or streams of consciousness, often including the perspectives of outsiders. Her novels have been linked to a European tradition of literature which explores reality through the use of language and questioning, rather than through traditional linear narrative.〔Bode, Christoph (2001), "The Polyphonic novel as a subversion of realism": in ed. Neumier, Beate (2001), ''Engendering Realism and Post-modernism: Contemporary Women Writers in Britain'': 89 & talk at "In Times Like These day of celebration of Maureen Duffy" at King's College, London, 6.12.13.〕 James Joyce in particular, and Modernism in general, are significant influences on her fiction, as is Joyce Cary.〔British Library. Maureen Duffy interviewed by Sarah O’Reilly, Authors’ Lives, 2007-2009. British Library Sound & Moving Image Catalogue reference C1279/03: Track 6 21.01.08.〕 "Duffy has inspired many other writers and proved that the English novel need not be realistic and domestic, but can be fantastical, experimental and political."〔Gee, Maggie (2014), ("Maureen Duffy's mosaics" ), ''TLS'' 2.1.14: 17.〕 Her writing in all forms is noted for her 'eye for detail and ear for language'〔Francis Hope in ''The Observer'', 25 November 1962: 29. Similar comments are also made, for example, by Jane Miller in ''TLS'' 3.07.69: 720, Werson (1983): 274, Bode (2001): 89 and by Maggie Gee in the ''TLS'' 2.01.14: 17.〕 and "powerful intense imagery".〔Bode, Christoph (2001), "The Polyphonic novel as a subversion of realism": in ed. Neumier, Beate (2001), ''Engendering Realism and Post-modernism: Contemporary Women Writers in Britain'': 89.〕 Her early plays often depict working class life, with humour and evocative language, and she joined the Royal Court writers' group at a time when the social realist school, associated with such playwrights as John Osborne and Arnold Wesker, was transforming British drama. Some of her plays have been described as "anarchic...dealing with taboo subjects...'total theater' reminiscent of the ideas of Antonin Artaud and Jean Genet, employing Brechtian techniques".〔Kay, Lucy (2005), "Maureen Duffy" in ''Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 310: British and Irish Dramatists since World War II'', Fourth Series. Bruccoli Clark Layman. Edited by John Bull: 72.〕 Jean-Paul Sartre is also an influence on her drama. Duffy's affinity to London, present and past, and of its cosmopolitan inhabitants, often features in her writing;〔Sizemore, Christine (1989), "The city as archeological dig: Maureen Duffy", in ''A Female Vision of the City - London in the Novels of Five British Women'': 188-233.〕 which celebrates diversity, regardless of class, nationality, ethnicity, gender, sexuality or species. She advocates "an ethic of compassion"〔Sizemore (1989), "The city as archeological dig: Maureen Duffy", in ''A Female Vision of the City'': 212.〕 towards human and animal rights. ==Early life and education== Maureen Duffy had a tough childhood, on which she draws in ''That's How It Was'', her most autobiographical novel. Her working class roots, experience of "class and cultural division"〔Duffy (1983), "Preface" to Virago edition of ''That's How It Was'': x.〕 and close relationship with her mother are key influences on her work. Her family came from Stratford in East London, where Duffy went to live at the age of 14, when her mother died. Her father was Irish, an important strand in her identity, but left when she was two months old. She developed an early passion for reading "stories of Ancient Greece and Rome, folk tales of Ireland and Wales, tales of knightly chivalry and poetry..."〔Hennegan, Alison (1977), "...and out the other side" interview with Maureen Duffy in ''Gay News'', No. 128. London. October 1977: 20.〕 Inspired by her mother, who, Duffy recalls, "early on instilled in me that the one thing they can't take away from you is education",〔Gardiner, Jill (2013), "A life of herding words", interview with Maureen Duffy in ''Diva'' magazine. London. November 2013: 27.〕 she completed her schooling; and supported herself - before she went to university - by teaching in junior schools. At King's College London, she gained a degree in English in 1956; then taught in Naples till 1958, and in secondary schools in the London area till 1961. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maureen Duffy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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